Egypt is one of the most populous countries in Africa and the Middle East. The vast majority of its 82.2 million more people live near the banks of the Nile River in an area of about 40,000 square kilometers (15,000 square miles), where the only arable land is found. Large areas of the Sahara Desert are sparsely populated. About half the residents of Egypt live in urban areas, with more widespread across the densely populated centers of greater Cairo, Alexandria and other major cities in the Nile Delta.
Monuments of Egypt as the Giza pyramid complex and its Great Sphinx were built by the ancient civilization. Its ancient ruins, such as those of Memphis, Thebes, and Karnak and the Valley of the Kings outside Luxor, are a central theme of the archaeological study. The tourism industry and the Red Sea Riviera employ about 12% of the workforce in Egypt.
The economy of Egypt is one of the most diversified in the Middle East, with sectors such as tourism, agriculture, industry and services in production levels roughly equal
It is Arab Republic of Egypt.
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